MXenes are a new group of 2D inorganic materials with ultrathin atomic thicknesses that are composed of layered transition metal carbides and either nitrides or carbonitrides. ![]() ![]() Due to their excellent multifaceted characteristics, such as high specific surface area, unique physicochemical properties, controllable electronic and mechanical properties, and tunable lateral size, novel two-dimensional nanomaterials are used in numerous applications and fields of research, such as biomedicine, energy storage, device fabrication and generation, and electronics. Recently, a variety of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, which are a subtype of nanomaterials with ultrathin layer-structured topology, have attracted great interest, including graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), transition metal oxides transition metal oxides (TMOs), and transition metal carbides (MXenes). With the development of biomedicine and nanobiotechnology, diverse novel inorganic nanosystems have been generated, which enable multiple theranostic modalities, such as synergistic therapy and multimodal imaging, to be offered as potential alternatives in combating various diseases, especially cancer. Finally, the difficulties and research progress in the clinical translation of MXene-based materials in biomedical applications are briefly discussed. We also review two popular research areas: wearable devices and immunotherapy. The first section is a brief summary of their synthesis methods and surface modification strategies, which is followed by a focused overview and analysis of MXenes applications in biosensors, diagnosis, therapy, antibacterial agents, and implants, among other areas. This review systematically summarizes the application of MXene-based materials in biomedicine. Based on the unique structural features of MXenes, such as ultrathin atomic thickness and high specific surface area, and their excellent physicochemical properties, such as high photothermal conversion efficiency and antibacterial properties, MXenes have been widely applied in the biomedical field. ![]() MXenes, which are new inorganic nanomaterials with ultrathin atomic thickness, consist of layered transition metal carbides and nitrides or carbonitrides and have the general structural formula M n+1X nT x (nā=ā1ā3). With the development of nanomedical technology, the application of various novel nanomaterials in the biomedical field has been greatly developed in recent years.
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